June 2017

On behalf of the European Commission (EC), Aetha developed a report providing an overview of zero-rating practices in Europe (as part of a joint project with DotEcon Ltd and Oswell & Vahida). The report provides a review of the relevant legal and economic literature before discussing the potential benefits of zero-rating and the effects on competition. An initial framework for the assessment of zero-rating practices from a competition perspective, in addition to net neutrality considerations, was presented.